CELL METABOLISM - 1375 Words

CELL METABOLISM (Coursework Sample) Content: CELL METABOLISM by Student’s Name Code + Course Name Professor’s Name University Name City, State Date 1. Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism in full details The cell is a complex organism in which many chemical reactions take place so as to maintain normal cellular function. Cell metabolism can be defined as the process through which cells manufacture ATP, which provides energy to the cells. Cells have evolved to form highly efficient metabolic mechanisms which differ depending on the cell. Aerobic respiration is responsible for cellular energy needs in animals while photosynthesis is the energy source for plants. The biochemical processes taking place in a cell are influenced by enzymes. Enzymes are catalysts made of proteins and they speed up the reactions in the cells (Porth, Carol the ease of losing an electron from the electron donor to the transport chain also determines the amount of ATP formed. The H+ gradient for elect ron transportation for the two electron donors are situated in different locations of the mitochondrion. In the overall evaluation of the two proton donors, FADH2 has two protons pumped in the electron chain while NADH has three protons pumped during the electron transport process. Due to the difference in the number of protons pumped, the amount of energy generated from the NADH is more than the energy generated from FADH2. It is evident from the process that the more the protons donated to the transport chain the more the ATP molecules released from the electron donors (Schomburg & Lessel, 1996). 5. Describe the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of DNA. DNA structure can be evaluated using primary, secondary or tertiary dimensions. The primary structure, evaluates the chemical bonds and the atomic composition. The structure which is represented by GATC letters of the alphabet is the sequence of nucleotides in the deoxyribonucleic chain. The sequence represents the order o f amino acids in the protein. The primary structure starts with an amino - terminal and ends with the carboxyl-terminal. The secondary structure, evaluates the three dimensional form of the nucleic acid, making up the DNA strand. The atoms making up the molecule are evaluated in a three dimensional space. The secondary structure is defined by the hydrogen bonds in the atom. The secondary structure is a double helix which is supper coiled, twisted around histones. The tertiary structure is complicated and like the secondary structure, it is three dimensional. The nucleic acid has various functions including molecular recognition and catalysis. The tertiary structure is recurrent and it’s a motif used as a molecular building block. The tertiary structure...