The Democratic Republic of Congo Essay Example for Free

The Democratic Republic of Congo Essay The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been characterized by the behavior of her natives, especially in the eastern part, being engaged into selling some of her valuable minerals such as gemstones and gold to other countries via the black markets mostly located at the country’s borders. The stakeholders in this business include the Senegalese, Indian and Chinese clients. Though the smugglers participating in this kind of illegal business are small part-time group of actors, they earn themselves millions of dollars, part of which is hidden in the country’s distressed backwoods. This income has been used to finance the country’s armed groups (Manson, 1). As a result, it has not been so smooth and easy to get to the bottom of the conflict that has over years existed over the Congo’s minerals. Even some of the smugglers testify that because of the sufferings that they have undergone for quite a long period of time, they resolved to this dirty business since they had nothing else they could do. Arguments from lobby groups in the U. K. reported that in order to attain peace in Congo and resettle the millions of displaced citizens, mineral-related conflicts ought to be contained first. However, it has been very challenging to resolves these conflicts because certain hindrances. To begin with, the smuggling routes are untraceable. Despite these pathways being rocky, twisted and on the green hills, there are armed men who demand for cash taxes and other levies such as their imposed in-kind levies. Moreover the mining sites are all through guided majorly by the PARECO, a former militia group (Global Witness, 1). Manufacturers of mobile phones have also been accused for having helped finance these conflicts since these companies have been using metals such as tantalum and tin which are obtained from the processing of the minerals from this country. As a result, these mobile phone companies have been called upon to review their supply chains with the aim of making certain that their tin and tantalum supplies are not from militia-controlled or military units-controlled mines. Thailand based Thailand Smelting and Refining Company (Thaisarco) has been accused for being a manufacturer of the mobile phones that buys ore from a Hutu Militia group, FDLR (Katrina, 1). Thaisarco is owned by Amalgamated Metal Corporation (AMC), a British company In the resolutions by the U. N. , it was highlighted that a measure to freeze the assets and ban the travels for those involved in financing the illegal Congolese armed groups should be taken on worldwide. In order to help hold back the catastrophes associated with the corrupt and illegal exploitation of the Congo’s mineral resources, the international trade system stakeholders have been urged to mend any loopholes so as to end not only this impunity but also avoid environmental abuses, bring to a halt mineral-linked conflicts and more importantly refrain from infringing the Congolese human rights. Furthermore, guideline to enable the tracing of the sources of the minerals should be put forth. Media analysis has helped me understand clearly the causes of the conflicts that are in Congo that are closely linked with the illegal exploitation of the minerals within the country, the contributors of these conflicts and also the prescriptions, from various public views, on how resolutions may be arrived at. This is because the analysis enhances the understanding of raw data from the various view points. It has played a crucial role in helping relate the events that were occurring in DRC. However, media analysis proves to be limiting is some ways. For instance, the information provided is most a times summarized, missing some first hand information. As a result, one is made to believe on the information at hand. Works Cited Global Witness. Metals in Mobile Phones Help Finance Congo Atrocities. February 16, 2009, Viewed August 2, 2010 from http://www. globalwitness. org/media_library_detail. php/718/en/metals_in_mobile_phones_help_finance_congo_atrocities Katrina, M. Groups Says Suing UK Over Congo Conflict Minerals. Times Live, July 26, 2010. Viewd August 2, 2010 from http://www. timeslive. co. za/africa/article570920. ece/Group-says-suing-UK-over-Congo-conflict-minerals Manson, K. Uphill Task to Solve Congo’s Conflict Minerals. Reuters Jul 30, 2010, viewed August 2 2010 from http://uk. reuters. com/article/idUKTRE66T1LR20100730

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There were many reasons behind the fall of the Roman Empire, however, the economic reasons were the main source of its collapse. The fourth century was the period of time where the economy started to experience problems. During this time period, there were many inequalities between the rich and the poor, decreasing population, the German Barbarians holding Rome for ransom, cutting off their trade networks, inflation, and finally the de-specialization of the economy. Each of these causes were very significant in leading up to the fall of the Roman Empire. Throughout history, in many civilizations, there has always been a gap between the rich and the poor, and the gap between these groups in the Roman Empire was no exception either. The difference between the rich and the poor significantly impacted the status of the economy. For example, in the Roman Empire, the rich could get away with almost everything. They could do it by two methods, they could pay their taxes in small portions so they wouldn’t have to pay them all at once, or they could also simply avoid them by bribing the government, as opposed to the poor which had to pay them all at once. (Hayward, 1958, p. 105) If they did not follow this procedure, they would be punished one way or another. Since the rich were of high status, they could be heard by the government easily, with no possible penalties while the poor were given consequences if they did the same. The gap between the rich also grew wider and wider due to wealthy landowners driving tenant farmers out of their lands and treating those lands as their own. The rich were very important in the status of the economy as well. They could impair the authority of the central government. (Haywood, 1958, p. 104-105... ...etc. Trade was dependent on the status of the government in the Roman Empire. Since the Roman government was really powerful, it restricted some aspects of trade. Along with this, maritime trade was decreasing drastically. There were attacks on ships on the Mediterranean sea, which decreased trade between Rome and other countries. Transport affected the geographic division of labor in the Roman Empire. (Paolilli, 2008, p. 282) The Roman Empire used to be a prosperous place to live in until it started to experience many problems which led its decline. The status of the economy was affected by many reasons including economic inequality between the wealthy and the lower class, inflation, the ransom of Rome with the Germanic Barbarians and finally, the de-specialization of the economy. Rome’s foolish actions along with some outside influence led Rome to its demise.

Dairymilk

ACKNOWLEDGMENT : Firstly I thank Almighty ALLAH for endowing me with heatlh patience . I wish to thanks my parents for their contribution and support towards the I am also Thankfull to Sir Hassan Haroon . with out your help and guidence towards course the report would not be completed . I also show my gratitude to my friends and all who contributed in completing the report Assignment : INTRODUCTION : First people who made chocolate were theMayas and the Aztecs Chocolate played an important role in their social and religious life. Cadbury’s founder is jhon cadburry . adburry started its operation in 1905 ad in birmingham UK . CBM Operates in more then 60 countries and become world largest confectionary company. Its is a largest sealing Choclate in the world as well as in Pakistan also Started operation in india in 1948 Vision: â€Å"Working together to create brands people love† Cadburys mission statement Says simply, ? Cadbury means quality? ; this is our promise. Our r eputation is built upon quality;our commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that our promise Mission Statement 0f the product: The mission statement of our new product is ?To provide our customers with a tempting andexquisite taste? as Enticing Treats means a mouth watering treat which is simply irresistible CONSUMERS VIEW: Customers get sentimental and emotionally attached. We can see that it had really affected the minds and psychology of consumers E. g. -when the company advertised its brand by tag lines â€Å"Aaj Pehli Tarik Hai†, † Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye † and â€Å"Pappu Paas Ho Gaya†. However, the consumers had stopped purchasing the bars for sometime after the worm controversy. Values : -Bring happiness to their costomers -Share happiness Contains more milk then any other chocolate bar -made from the real dark chocolate -AVAILABLE IN 10. 5g, 22g, 95g, 165g & OTHER PREMIUM PACKS SEGMENTING: The purpose of segmentation is to identify and target prime customer groups. Division of consumer market on the basis of: Geographic and Demographic Segmentation. TARGETING: The targeted customers of Dairy Milk have been changing from time to time and advertisement to advertisement. POSITIONING: CDM has positioned itself as synonym for the word chocolate. Chocolates were earlier perceived as a product meant for consumption by children.Since the 1990’s, Cadbury has been endeavouring to position itself as a chocolate for the ‘child within each of us’. Marketing Mix : PRODUCT MIX: Chocolates, Snacks, Beverages, Candies, Gums. PRODUCT LINE: Cadbury Dairy Milk; Cadbury Dairy Milk Wowie Cadbury Dairy Milk Crackle Cadbury Dairy Milk Roasted Almond Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit and Nut Cadbury Dairy Milk Shots Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk. Price : Place : Place is a term that has a variety of meanings in a dictionary sense, but which is principally used in a geographic sense as a noun to denote location, though in asense of a locatio n identified with that which is located there.In marketing, place refers to one of the 4 P's, defined as â€Å"the market place†. It canmean a geographic location, an industry, a group of people (a segment) to whom acompany wants to sell its products or services, such as young professional women(e. g. for selling cosmetics) or middle-aged family men (e. g. for selling family cars). Cadbury – Place Cadbury is a multinational company and it has its market around the entire world. This can be said just by the first page on its site which asks people to select the place of their choice. Providing 60+ Country Their chocolate Distribution :It is mosly provide to their costomers by Retalers and wholsalers PROMOTION : They concentrate more on tv advertisement their advertisement are always marvelous in advertising they are basically telling to their target market that on what occasion their target marget can or Sould buy Dairy milk Their promotions are also very emotional beca use they attracts emotionally their products if we talk about the comercials like on pass in exam they advertise â€Å"Pappo pas hogya† Targeting the teenagers which passes in exam and celebrate it with Dairy milk by sharing it with friends and family members ..Swot Analysis Strength †¢ Cadbury Schweppes plc is a very profitable organization, generated revenue of more than ? 6,508 billion (2005). †¢ It is a global chocolate brand built upon a reputation for fine products and services. †¢ Cadbury Schweppes plc was one of the Fortune Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2005. The company is a respected employer that values its workforce. †¢ The organization has strong ethical values and an ethical mission statement Weaknesses †¢ Cadbury has a reputation for new product development and creativity.However, they remain vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation may falter over time. †¢ The organization has a strong presence in the United States o f America, UK and India. It is often argued that they need to look for a portfolio of countries, in order to spread business risk. †¢ Cadbury's recall over 1 million chocolate bars over salmonella fears †¢ The organization is dependant on a main competitive advantage, the retail of coffee. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise. The company has no apprehensions of cannibalization of its chocolate brands. Opportunities †¢ Cadbury company is very good at taking advantage of opportunities. †¢ The company has the opportunity to expand its global operations. New markets with new products which are limited in particular region. †¢ Cadbury has decided to focus on a few of its key brands such as Cadbury Dairy Milk, Bournvita, Eclairs and Halls to drive growth for the company. †¢ Co-branding with other manufacturers of food and drink, and brand franchising to manufacturers of other goods and services both have potential

The Body as Image - an Analysis of the Postmodern...

Synopsis, Marketing and Culture The body as image - An analysis of the postmodern characteristics of tattoos in contemporary society Introduction In recent years few terms have been so widely discuss as †postmodernism† in order to define its basic principals. Despite a lack of consensus, most authorities agree that postmodernism represents some kind of reaction to, or departure from, modernism and modernity (Brown 1993). The consumer of the modern society is distinguished by being self-reflexive and rational while the characteristics of the irrational postmodern consumer are hyperreality, fragmentation, reversals of production and consumption, decentring of the subject, paradoxical juxtapositions, and loss of commitment (Firat et†¦show more content†¦The hostility towards generalizations is one of the characteristics of postmodern consumers (Brown 1993). When at work Kim believes it is important to appear clean and presentable which translated into a clothing correlation means dressed in a long-sleeved shirt, but when at private he tends to â€Å"dress-down† for instance wearing leather pants and a T-shirt with his tattoos displayed. The code mixing and switching of style between formal and informal clothes is a strategic masquerade of signs at the intersections of self, society and world (Mick et al, 2004). This could also be describes as a form of self-communication as the tattoos are placed on the body where it can be hidden. â€Å"Several of my private friends also have tattoos, so you could say that I posses two different personalities. I like that I’m free, and someone else, whenever I’m off work†. Here, the style consumption emerges as a creative process of ‘bricolage’ between cultures and differentiation from mainstream marketplace orders (Kjeldgaard 2009) and the tattoo grants members hip of a certain community (Elliot 2004) defined by the communicative discourse of the tattoo. Thus it is not enough to â€Å"purchase† the membership card, the consumer has to maintain their social identity, for the symbol to be perceived accordingly. As theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities